ʻO ka carbon fiber, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke aliʻi o nā mea hou i ke kenekulia 21, he momi ʻālohilohi i nā mea.ʻO ke kalapona kalapona (CF) kahi ʻano o ka fiber inorganic me ka ʻoi aku o 90% carbon content.ʻO nā fiber organik (viscose based, pitch based, polyacrylonitrile based fibers, etc.) pyrolyzed a carbonized ma ka wela kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka iwi kuamoʻo kalapona.
Ma ke ʻano he hanauna hou o ka fiber i hoʻoikaika ʻia, loaʻa i ka fiber carbon maikaʻi nā waiwai mechanical a me nā kemika.ʻAʻole ia wale nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kalapona, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ka palupalu a me ke kaʻina hana o ka fiber textile.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, nā lako ikehu, ka halihali, nā haʻuki a me nā kahua leʻaleʻa
ʻO ke kaumaha māmā: ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā hou me ka hana maikaʻi loa, ʻaneʻane like ka nui o ka fiber carbon me ka magnesium a me ka beryllium, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka 1 / 4 o ke kila.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbon fiber composite ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolālā hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kino e 30% - 40%.
ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka modulus kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka ikaika kikoʻī o ka carbon fiber he 5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kila a me 4 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke alumini alumini;ʻO ka modulus kūikawā he 1.3-12.3 mau manawa o nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helu hoʻonui liʻiliʻi: ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela o ka nui o nā kalapona kalapona i ka lumi wela, 0 ma 200-400 ℃, a ʻo 1.5 wale nō ma lalo o 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻonui a hoʻololi ʻia ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe. mahana wela.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino kemika maikaʻi: ʻo ke kalapona he kiʻekiʻe ke kalapona maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe, a ʻo ke kalapona kekahi o nā mea kemika paʻa loa, e hopena ana i kāna hana paʻa i ka ʻakika a me ka alkali, hiki ke hana ʻia i nā ʻano huahana anti-corrosion.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa luhi ikaika: paʻa ke ʻano o ka fiber carbon.Wahi a nā helu o ka pūnaewele polymer, ma hope o nā miliona o nā pōʻai o ka hoʻāʻo luhi luhi, ʻo 60% ka ikaika o ka paʻa ʻana o ka composite, ʻoiai ʻo ke kila he 40%, ʻo ka alumini he 30%, a ʻo ke aniani fiber reinforced plastic he 20 wale nō. % - 25%.
ʻO ka carbon fiber composite ka hoʻoikaika hou ʻana i ka fiber carbon.ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ka fiber kalapona a pāʻani i kahi hana kikoʻī, he mea brittle ma hope o nā mea a pau.Ke hui wale ia me ka mea matrix e hana ai i ke kalapona fiber composite hiki ke haawi i ka paani maikai i kona mau waiwai mechanical a lawe i na ukana.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā fiber carbon e like me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke ʻano precursor, ke ʻano hana a me ka hana
E like me ke ʻano o ka precursor: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) based, pitch based (isotropic, mesophase);Viscose base (cellulose base, rayon base).Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka polyacrylonitrile (Pan) e noho ana i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi, a ʻo kāna huahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o ka huina kalapona holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻo viscose ma muli o ka 1%.
Wahi a nā kūlana hana a me nā ʻano hana: carbon fiber (800-1600 ℃), graphite fiber (2000-3000 ℃), activated carbon fiber, vapor grown carbon fiber.
E like me nā waiwai mechanical, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano maʻamau a me ke ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe: ʻo ka ikaika o ka fiber carbon type ma kahi o 1000MPa, a ʻo ka modulus e pili ana i 100GPa;Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe i ke ʻano ikaika kiʻekiʻe (ikaika 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) a me ke kumu hoʻohālike kiʻekiʻe (modulus 300gpa a ʻoi aku paha), i waena o ka ikaika i ʻoi aku ma mua o 4000mpa i kapa ʻia ʻo ultra-high strength type, a ʻo ka modulus ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 450gpa. kapa ʻia ʻo ultra-high model.
E like me ka nui o ke kaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka tow liʻiliʻi a me ka tow nui: ʻo ke kalapona kalapona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka nui o 1K, 3K a me 6K i ka pae mua, a ulu mālie i 12K a me 24K, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, haʻuki. a me na kahua lealea.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo nā fiber carbon ma luna o 48K he mau kalapona kalapona nui, me 48K, 60K, 80K, etc., i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
ʻO ka ikaika tensile a me ka modulus tensile ʻelua mau kuhikuhi nui e loiloi i nā waiwai o ka fiber carbon.Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Kina i ke kūlana aupuni no ka PAN e pili ana i ke kalapona kalapona (GB / t26752-2011) i ka makahiki 2011. Ma ka manawa like, ma muli o ka lanakila nui o Toray i ka ʻoihana carbon fiber honua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana hale e hoʻohana pū i ka maʻamau o Toray. i mea kuhikuhi.
ʻO 1.2 nā pale kiʻekiʻe e lawe mai i ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka hana nui hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke kumukūʻai a hoʻonui i ka pono
1.2.1 kiʻekiʻe ka pale ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka hana mua ke kumu, a ʻo ka carbonization a me ka oxidation ke kī.
He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana o ka carbon fiber, kahi e pono ai nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana.ʻO ka mana o ka pololei, ka mahana a me ka manawa o kēlā me kēia loulou e pili nui i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope.ʻO ka polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia a me ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka carbon fiber i kēia manawa ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻokuʻu maʻalahi o ʻekolu mau ʻōpala.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka propane kumu nui mai ka ʻaila ʻaila, a ʻo ke kaulahao ʻoihana kalapona kalapona PAN e pili ana i kahi kaʻina hana piha mai ka ikehu mua a hiki i ka noi terminal.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻana o ka propane mai ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe, ua loaʻa ka propylene e ka selective catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) o propane;
Loaʻa ka Acrylonitrile ma o ka ammoxidation o propylene.Ua loaʻa ka polyacrylonitrile (Pan) precursor ma ka polymerization a me ka wili o ka acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile ua pre oxidized, carbonized ma haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela e loaa kalapona pulupulu, i hiki ke hana i kalapona puluniu lole a me kalapona pulupulu prepreg no ka hana o ka kalapona puluniu composites;
Hoʻohui ʻia ka fiber carbon me ka resin, ceramics a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā composite carbon fiber.ʻO ka mea hope loa, loaʻa nā huahana hope no nā noi i lalo e nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe;
ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka pae hana o ka precursor e hoʻoholo pololei i ka hana hope o ka fiber carbon.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka solution spinning a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka precursor i lilo i mau kumu nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka fiber carbon kiʻekiʻe.
Wahi a "Ka noiʻi e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka polyacrylonitrile ma muli o ka carbon fiber precursor", ʻo ke kaʻina hana wili e komo pū ana i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: wili pulu, wili maloʻo a me ka wili pulu maloʻo.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka wili pulu a me ka milo pulu maloʻo e hana i ka polyacrylonitrile precursor ma ka home a ma waho, a ma waena o ka wili pulu ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
Wet milo mua extrudes i ka wili solution mai ka puka spinneret, a komo ka wili wili i ka wai coagulation ma ke ano o ke kahe liilii.ʻO ka mīkini wili o ka polyacrylonitrile spinning solution he ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka neʻe ʻana o DMSO i ka hopena wili a me ka ʻauʻau coagulation, a he ʻokoʻa nui hoʻi ma waena o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai i ka ʻauʻau coagulation a me ka solution polyacrylonitrile.Ma lalo o ka launa pū ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa ʻelua i luna, hoʻomaka ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, a i ka hopena condenses i loko o nā filament ma o ka hoʻoili nui ʻana, ka hoʻoili wela, ka neʻe ʻana o ka equilibrium a me nā kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe.
I ka hana ʻana o ka precursor, ʻo ke koena o ka DMSO, ka nui o ka fiber, ka ikaika monofilament, modulus, elongation, ʻaila ʻaila a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai e lilo i mau kumu nui e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka precursor.I ka lawe ʻana i ke koena o DMSO ma ke ʻano he laʻana, loaʻa iā ia ka mana i nā waiwai ʻike o ka precursor, ka mokuʻāina cross-section a me ka waiwai CV o ka huahana fiber carbon hope.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ke koena o DMSO, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana o ka huahana.I ka hana ʻana, hoʻoneʻe nui ʻia ʻo DMSO ma ka holoi ʻana, no laila pehea e hoʻomalu ai i ka mahana holoi, ka manawa, ka nui o ka wai desalted a me ka nui o ka holoi holoi ʻana i lilo i loulou koʻikoʻi.
Pono nā hiʻohiʻona o ka polyacrylonitrile precursor kiʻekiʻe: kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe crystallinity, ikaika kūpono, ʻāpana keʻa pōʻai, liʻiliʻi nā kīnā kino, ʻili maʻemaʻe a me ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻili.
ʻO ka hoʻomalu mahana o ka carbonization a me ka oxidation ke kī.ʻO ka carbonization a me ka oxidation kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana hope o ka carbon fiber mai precursor.Ma kēia ʻanuʻu, pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka pololei a me ka laulā o ka mahana, inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka ikaika tensile o nā huahana carbon fiber, a hiki i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka haki ʻana o ka uea.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): i ke kaʻina hana preoxidation, ua lohi ka PAN precursor ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kekahi ʻano ʻeha i ka lewa oxidizing, e hana ana i kahi nui o nā hale apo ma ke kumu o ke kaulahao pololei pan. e hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka mālama wela kiʻekiʻe.
Carbonization (kiʻekiʻe ka wela ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ma mua o 1000 ℃): pono e hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana carbonization i ka lewa inert.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka carbonization, haki ke kaulahao pan a hoʻomaka ka hopena crosslinking;Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, hoʻomaka ka hopena decomposition thermal e hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o nā kinoea mole liʻiliʻi, a hoʻomaka ka hana graphite e hana;Ke piʻi hou aʻe ka mahana, piʻi wikiwiki ka ʻike kalapona a hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ke kalapona.
ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi (ka wela lapaʻau ma luna o 2000 ℃): ʻaʻole pono ka graphitization no ka hana ʻana i ka fiber carbon, akā he kaʻina koho.Inā manaʻo ʻia ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe o ka fiber carbon, pono ka graphitization;Inā manaʻo ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka fiber carbon, ʻaʻole pono ka graphitization.Ma ke kaʻina hana graphitization, hana ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber i kūkulu ʻia i kūkulu ʻia mesh graphite mesh, a hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano ma ke kaha kiʻi e loaʻa ai ka huahana hope.
Hāʻawi nā pale ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i nā huahana o lalo me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o nā composites mokulele he 200 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka siliki maka.Ma muli o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka fiber carbon a me ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o lalo o nā huahana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai hoʻohui.ʻOi loa no nā huila kalapona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kahua aerospace, no ka mea he koi koʻikoʻi ka poʻe kūʻai i lalo i kona hilinaʻi a paʻa, hōʻike pū ke kumukūʻai huahana i ka ulu nui geometric i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka fiber carbon maʻamau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-22-2021